PHP 中的错误和异常处理

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<?php

$object = null;
$object->method();

// 结果
Fatal error: Call to a member function method() on null in

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<?php

$object = null;

try {
    $object->method();
} catch (Error $error) {
    echo $error->getMessage();
}

// 结果
Call to a member function method() on null

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// Throwable 接口
Throwable {
    /* Methods */
    abstract public string getMessage ( void )
    abstract public int getCode ( void )
    abstract public string getFile ( void )
    abstract public int getLine ( void )
    abstract public array getTrace ( void )
    abstract public string getTraceAsString ( void )
    abstract public Throwable getPrevious ( void )
    abstract public string __toString ( void )
}

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<?php

interface TestThrowable extends \Throwable
{
}

class TestException extends \Exception implements TestThrowable
{
}

class DemoError extends \Error implements TestThrowable
{
}

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Exception
  ClosedGeneratorException
  DOMException
  ErrorException
  IntlException
  LogicException
    BadFunctionCallException
      BadMethodCallException
    DomainException
    InvalidArgumentException
    LengthException
    OutOfRangeException
  PharException
  ReflectionException
  RuntimeException
    OutOfBoundsException
    OverflowException
    PDOException
    RangeException
    UnderflowException
    UnexpectedValueException
  SodiumException

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<?php

try {
    // Code that may throw an Exception or Error.
} catch (Throwable $t) {
    // Executed only in PHP 7, will not match in PHP 5.x.
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // Executed only in PHP 5.x, will not be reached in PHP 7.
}

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<?php

class ErrorHandler
{
    public static function register()
    {
        error_reporting(E_ALL);
        set_error_handler([__CLASS__, 'handleError']);
        set_exception_handler([__CLASS__, 'handleException']);
        register_shutdown_function([__CLASS__, 'handleShutdown']);
    }

    public static function handleError($code, $message, $file, $line)
    {
        throw new \ErrorException($message, $code, 1, $file, $line);
    }

    public static function handleException($e)
    {
        self::handle($e);
    }

    public static function handleShutdown()
    {
        $error = error_get_last();

        if (null !== $error && self::isFatal($error['type'])) {
            self::handleException($error);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param \Exception|\Throwable $e
     */
    public static function handle($e)
    {
        $message = $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
        echo $message;

        error_log($message, 3, __DIR__ . '/run.log');
    }

    protected static function isFatal($type): bool
    {
        $types = [E_ERROR, E_CORE_ERROR, E_COMPILE_ERROR, E_PARSE];

        return in_array($type, $types, true);
    }
}

ErrorHandler::register();

$object = null;
$object->toArray();

// 结果
Call to a member function toArray() on null
此时错误已经记录到日志文件中

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<?php

// 此处略去 ErrorHandler 类代码，详见上面
ErrorHandler::register();

$object = null;

// 这儿故意不写分号
$object->toArray()

// 结果
PHP Parse error:  syntax error, unexpected end of file in ...
PHP
PHP Dump $_SERVER
PHP

Parse error: syntax error, unexpected end of file in ...

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// 安装 symfony/debug
$ composer require symfony/debug

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<?php

require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

\Symfony\Component\Debug\Debug::enable();
\Symfony\Component\Debug\ErrorHandler::register();

$object = null;
$object->toArray();