Mac 实用命令收集一

2019-02-04 约 1450 字预计阅读 3 分钟

『千里之行，始于足下』，掌握高频使用的命令也不例外。积铢累寸，总有一天，你终会在命令行中游刃有余。

让终端说英语

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$ say hello

// 让程序执行完了说一声
$ sleep 5 && say "this is a test"

标记文件或者文件夹，用 `Spotlight` 打开

选中一个文件或者文件夹，Command+I 打开简介，在添加标记中输入关键词，关闭简介窗口。打开 Spotlight 输入刚才的关键词，可以准确定位

使用 `sips` 命令批量处理图片

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// 将图片宽度缩小为 800px，高度按比例缩放
$ sips -Z 800 ~/001.jpg

// 顺时针旋转 90 度
$ sips -r 90 ~/001.jpg

// 垂直反转
$ sips -f vertical ~/001.jpg

把当前网页附加到待发送邮件中

在 Safari 浏览器中浏览网页时，通过 Command+I 可以直接打开邮件并把当前网页附加到待发送的邮件中

删除文件和清空纸篓

删除文件：Command+Delete 彻底删除：Command+Alt+Delete

安装 `Go2Shell`，快速在当前目录打开终端的工具

默认情况下是打开系统终端，这里配置成用 iTerm2 打开终端

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$ open -a Go2Shell --args config

修改终端电脑名称

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$ sudo scutil --set HostName your-host-name
$ hostname // 查看 `hostname`

快速复制和粘贴

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// 将列出的主目录复制到剪贴板
$ ls ~ | pbcopy

// 文件的内容读入剪贴板
$ pbcopy < ~/.zshrc

// 将剪贴板的内容写入到文件中
$ pbpaste >> ~/demo.php

找回任何来源选项

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// 找回安全与隐私中的信任 "任何来源" 选项
$ sudo spctl --master-disable

快速查看日历

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$ cal
或
$ cal 2018

Xcode Command Line Tools

检查 `Xcode` 安装包是否已经被安装

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$ xcode-select -p

安装

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$ xcode-select --install

Mac 的启动组合键

这些组合键适用于基于 Intel 的 Mac 电脑。在 Mac 启动后，可以使用其他 Mac 键盘快捷键

Shortcut	Description
`Shift (⇧)`	以安全模式启动
`Option (⌥)`	启动进入启动管理器
`D`	从内建的 `Apple Hardware Test` 或 `Apple Diagnostics` 实用工具启动，具体取决于 `Mac` 机型
`N`	从兼容的 `NetBoot` 服务器（若可用）启动。要使用 `NetBoot` 服务器上默认的引导映像，则请按住 `Option-N`
`Command+R`	从内建的 `macOS` 恢复系统启动。或者可以使用 `Option+Command+R` 或 `Shift+Option+Command+R` 以通过互联网从 `macOS` 恢复功能启动
`Option+Command+P+R`	重置 `NVRAM`（或 `PRAM`）
`Command+S`	以单用户模式启动
`T`	以目标磁盘模式启动
`Command+V`	以详细模式启动
推出键 (⏏)、F12、鼠标键或触控板按钮	推出可移动介质

终端中上传下载

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// Mac 安装
$ brew install lrzsz

// Linux 安装
$ yum install -y lrzsz
或
$ apt install -y lrzsz

// Intel Chip
$ cd /usr/local/bin

// M1 Chip
$ cd /opt/homebrew/bin

// 创建 iterm2-recv-zmodem.sh 文件
$ vim iterm2-recv-zmodem.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Author: Matt Mastracci (matthew@mastracci.com)
# AppleScript from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4309087/cancel-button-on-osascript-in-a-bash-script
# licensed under cc-wiki with attribution required
# Remainder of script public domain

osascript -e 'tell application "iTerm2" to version' > /dev/null 2>&1 && NAME=iTerm2 || NAME=iTerm
if [[ $NAME = "iTerm" ]]; then
  FILE=`osascript -e 'tell application "iTerm" to activate' -e 'tell application "iTerm" to set thefile to choose folder with prompt "Choose a folder to place received files in"' -e "do shell script (\"echo \"&(quoted form of POSIX path of thefile as Unicode text)&\"\")"`
else
  FILE=`osascript -e 'tell application "iTerm2" to activate' -e 'tell application "iTerm2" to set thefile to choose folder with prompt "Choose a folder to place received files in"' -e "do shell script (\"echo \"&(quoted form of POSIX path of thefile as Unicode text)&\"\")"`
fi

if [[ $FILE = "" ]]; then
  echo Cancelled.
  # Send ZModem cancel
  echo -e \\x18\\x18\\x18\\x18\\x18
  sleep 1
  echo
  echo \# Cancelled transfer
else
  cd "$FILE"

  # TODO: Here according to the actual command address
  /usr/local/bin/rz -E -e -b
  sleep 1
  echo
  echo
  echo \# Sent \-\> $FILE
fi

// 创建 iterm2-send-zmodem.sh 文件
$ vim iterm2-send-zmodem.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Author: Matt Mastracci (matthew@mastracci.com)
# AppleScript from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4309087/cancel-button-on-osascript-in-a-bash-script
# licensed under cc-wiki with attribution required
# Remainder of script public domain

osascript -e 'tell application "iTerm2" to version' > /dev/null 2>&1 && NAME=iTerm2 || NAME=iTerm
if [[ $NAME = "iTerm" ]]; then
  FILE=`osascript -e 'tell application "iTerm" to activate' -e 'tell application "iTerm" to set thefile to choose file with prompt "Choose a file to send"' -e "do shell script (\"echo \"&(quoted form of POSIX path of thefile as Unicode text)&\"\")"`
else
  FILE=`osascript -e 'tell application "iTerm2" to activate' -e 'tell application "iTerm2" to set thefile to choose file with prompt "Choose a file to send"' -e "do shell script (\"echo \"&(quoted form of POSIX path of thefile as Unicode text)&\"\")"`
fi
if [[ $FILE = "" ]]; then
  echo Cancelled.
  # Send ZModem cancel
  echo -e \\x18\\x18\\x18\\x18\\x18
  sleep 1
  echo
  echo \# Cancelled transfer
else
  # TODO: Here according to the actual command address
  /usr/local/bin/sz "$FILE" -e -b
  sleep 1
  echo
  echo \# Received $FILE
fi

// 添加执行权限
$ chmod +x /path/to/iterm2-*

打开终端的偏好，Profiles > Profile Name (选中你自定义设置) > Advanced > Triggers，点击编辑，进行如下设置：

Regular Expression	Action	Parameters	Instant	Enabled
`rz waiting to receive.\\B0100`	`Run Silent Coprocess...`	`/opt/homebrew/bin/iterm2-send-zmodem.sh`	`False`	`True`
`\\B00000000000000`	`Run Silent Coprocess...`	`/opt/homebrew/bin/iterm2-recv-zmodem.sh`	`False`	`True`

终端下批量替换目录下文件中的内容

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# 查看当前目录下所有文件中的 foo 内容
grep -nr 'foo' .

# 预览将要替换的文件内容
grep -rl 'foo' . | xargs sed 's/foo/bar/g'

# 批量替换
grep -rl 'foo' . | xargs sed -i '' 's/foo/bar/g'

目录